Este resumen es generado por inteligencia artificial y revisado por la redacción.
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“El Perú es un mendigo sentado en un banco de oro”, frase atribuida al sabio Antonio Raymondi, ha sido repetida a lo largo de los años para representar la abundancia de recursos, pero escaso aprovechamiento. El italiano, de vivir en esta era de los semiconductores y la inteligencia artificial (IA), podría haber cambiado ese mineral precioso por el cobre y el significado no se alteraría.
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“No es secreto que la IA es dominante”, cuenta el funcionario. Por petición del MOFA, la presentación del presidente no se graba y solo se puede citar lo que captamos de su esforzado inglés.
Taiwán y Perú estarán separados por 17.000 kilómetros, pero la nación asiática nos mira. Allí está el hecho de que seamos el tercer exportador de cobre del mundo (solo superados por Chile y República Democrática del Congo, respectivamente). Una parte de los circuitos integrados utiliza cobre en sus conexiones eléctricas, aunque el metal debe pasar por procesos industriales que lo adapten a las exigencias de la fabricación de semiconductores. “La materia prima se ha vuelto un tema muy importante”, dice Tsao.
Al otro lado de la isla, en Hsinchu, recorremos el proceso completo para hacer el “semi”. Simplificando la explicación, los científicos pulen al extremo una placa de silicio, donde graban los circuitos con distintos materiales: con luz, con plasma, en máquinas diferentes, una y otra vez, con una capa sobre otra; el cabello humano sería grueso a comparación. En el proceso se usa el cobre para las conexiones eléctricas.
Este Diario consulta a Tsao si es posible desarrollar una industria de materiales refinados para semiconductores en lugar de solo exportar materia prima.
«La proyección de Semi Taiwán al 2030 era que la industria de los semiconductores mueva un billón de dólares en ventas acumuladas. Era, porque la cifra fue superada en agosto del 2026».
El funcionario reconoce que el Perú tiene muchos recursos. “Su país puede tener conversaciones sobre qué tipos de materiales pueden ser relevantes para la industria de semiconductores. Pueden conseguir su nicho”, sostiene y añade que Taiwán puede ayudar en la orientación. Un ejemplo que Tsao destaca es Malasia, país que se ha especializado en el ‘packaging’, el ensamblaje y el encapsulado de semiconductores.
En esa línea de pensamiento se ubica Shih-Chieh Chang; vicepresidente y director general de ITRI, ‘think tank’ de investigación y desarrollo. Rodeado de invenciones, desde drones hasta compuestos para reciclar asfalto, el ejecutivo responde a este Diario qué pasos puede tomar un país en sus etapas iniciales de desarrollo tecnológico.
“Creo que lo primero y más importante es identificar en qué tecnología quiere priorizar un país para invertir a largo plazo. Esa tecnología puede estar relacionada con recursos únicos, con fortalezas propias o con un gran potencial en el mercado global”, sostiene y pone como ejemplo a la taiwanesa TSMC, una de las más valoradas en todo el mundo en el campo de semiconductores (hasta el 15 de octubre, valorizada en alrededor de US$2 billones). Fundada en 1987, Chang asegura que jamás dejó de ser competitiva.
De izquierda a derecha, Terry Tsao, director de Semi Taiwán; y Shih-Chieh Chang, vicepresidente y director general de ITRI.
/ MOFA/ I
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“Una vez que identificas la tecnología clave que quieres desarrollar, debes invertir de manera sostenida en tecnología, talento e infraestructura. También necesitas un compromiso de largo plazo con ese desarrollo. Cuando tu tecnología se hace más popular o exitosa, todavía debes preocuparte por cómo ampliar la brecha tecnológica, como construir ecosistema (alrededor de ella)”, añadió.
Haga lo que haga el Perú, la industria sigue en movimiento. Precisamente, ITRI trabaja en el desarrollo de la fotónica de silicio, que utiliza luz para transmitir y procesar datos, con la cual pueden reemplazar determinadas interconexiones tradicionales de cobre en la computación de alto rendimiento y los Data Centers de IA.
Por años “Made in Taiwan” fue sinónimo de productos baratos. Ahora, con la producción de los semiconductores, es la forja de aquello con lo que el futuro está hecho. “La IA todavía depende de la colaboración global”, dice Tsao, quien no se sale del guion frente a los periodistas. Tampoco es lo que necesite, al menos no mientras continúen en este camino.
Conforme a los criterios de
Tipo de trabajo:
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let previousMessagesScrollTop=messages?messages.scrollTop:0;const updateScrollButton=()=>{if(!messages||!scrollBottomButton)return;const currentScrollTop=messages.scrollTop;const hasOverflow=messages.scrollHeight>messages.clientHeight+1;const distanceFromBottom=messages.scrollHeight-currentScrollTop-messages.clientHeight;if(currentScrollTop
const MAX_QUERY_LENGTH=1200;const validateChatQuery=text=>{const normalized=text.trim();if(!normalized)return{valid:false,reason:’empty’};if(Array.from(normalized).length<3)return{valid:false,reason:’min-length’};if(!/[p{L}p{N}]/u.test(normalized))return{valid:false,reason:’no-letters-or-numbers’};if(normalized.length>MAX_QUERY_LENGTH)return{valid:false,reason:’max-length’};return{valid:true,text:normalized};};const getQueryValidationMessage=reason=>reason===’empty’?’Escribe una pregunta para Merlín.’:reason===’min-length’?’Escribe al menos 3 caracteres para que Merlín pueda ayudarte.’:reason===’no-letters-or-numbers’?’Incluye al menos una letra o un número. Puedes usar signos, tildes y emojis.’:’Tu pregunta puede tener hasta 1200 caracteres. Acórtala un poco para enviarla.’;
const characterCounter=widget.querySelector(‘[data-merlin-widget-counter]’);const updateCharacterCounter=()=>{if(status&&!status.hidden)setStatus(»);if(!characterCounter)return;const atLimit=input.value.length>=MAX_QUERY_LENGTH;characterCounter.hidden=!atLimit;if(atLimit)characterCounter.textContent=»Límite alcanzado: «+MAX_QUERY_LENGTH+’ caracteres.’;};input.addEventListener(‘input’,updateCharacterCounter);const closeMenu=()=>{if(!menu||!moreButton)return;menu.hidden=true;moreButton.setAttribute(‘aria-expanded’,’false’);};moreButton?.addEventListener(‘click’,()=>{if(!menu)return;menu.hidden=!menu.hidden;moreButton.setAttribute(‘aria-expanded’,String(!menu.hidden));if(!menu.hidden){const firstMenuItem=menu.querySelector(‘a[href], button’);firstMenuItem?.focus();}});clearButton?.addEventListener(‘click’,async()=>{if(isSending)return;if(messages){messages.replaceChildren(…initialMessages.map(message=>message.cloneNode(true)));messages.scrollTop=0;updateScrollButton();}input.value=»»;setStatus(»);closeMenu();const profile=getAuthProfile();if(profile)markConversationCleared(profile);if(profile&&session){setSendingState(true);try{conversationId=null;loadedConversationId=null;try{socket?.close();}catch(error){}socket=null;socketConversationId=null;conversationId=await createConversation(session,profile);loadedConversationId=conversationId;const context={profile,session};openSocket(context,conversationId).catch(()=>undefined);setStatus(»);}catch(error){setStatus(‘No se pudo limpiar el chat. Intenta nuevamente.’);}finally{setSendingState(false);}}else if(profile){conversationId=null;loadedConversationId=null;}else conversationId=null;input.focus();});
form?.addEventListener(‘submit’,async event=>{event.preventDefault();const validation=validateChatQuery(input.value);if(isSending)return;if(!validation.valid){setStatus(getQueryValidationMessage(validation.reason));input.focus();return;}const text=validation.text;activeReportQuestion=text;activeReportRequestId=String(Date.now());pushAnalytics({event:’merlin_search_query’,search_term:text,query_type:’manual’,query_location:’widget’});setSendingState(true);const requestIdentityGeneration=identityGeneration;let authError=null;const context=await authenticate().catch(error=>{authError=error;setStatus(error instanceof Error?error.message:’No se pudo conectar con Merlín.’);return null;});if(requestIdentityGeneration!==identityGeneration)return;if(!context){setSendingState(false);if(!getAuthProfile()&&!authError)requestPianoLogin();return;}setStatus(»);activeRequestStartedAt=Date.now();shouldFollowResponse=true;activeRequestEntryIds=new Set();lastCompletedResponse=»»;responseAnimationFinished=false;const sentMessage=renderMessage(text,’user’);shouldFollowResponse=true;messages?.querySelector(‘.merlin-widget__message–intro’)?.remove();showThinking(undefined,sentMessage,’smooth’);input.value=»»;try{if(!conversationId)conversationId=await findConversation(context.session,context.profile);if(requestIdentityGeneration!==identityGeneration)return;const timeline=await getTimeline(context.session,conversationId);if(requestIdentityGeneration!==identityGeneration)return;activeRequestEntryIds=new Set(timeline.map(entry=>entry&&entry.id).filter(Boolean));saveCachedHistory(context.profile,conversationId);await devrevFetch(context.session,’/timeline-entries.create’,{method:’POST’,body:JSON.stringify({object:conversationId,type:’timeline_comment’,body:text})});if(requestIdentityGeneration!==identityGeneration)return;const deadline=activeRequestStartedAt+RESPONSE_TIMEOUT;let completedEntry=null;let pollInterval=RESPONSE_POLL_INTERVAL;while(Date.now()
input.addEventListener(‘keydown’,event=>{if(event.key!==’Enter’||event.shiftKey||event.isComposing)return;event.preventDefault();if(form&&typeof form.requestSubmit===’function’){form.requestSubmit();}else if(submit){submit.click();}});menu?.querySelector(‘a[href]’)?.addEventListener(‘click’,closeMenu);document.addEventListener(‘click’,event=>{const target=event.target;if(target instanceof Node&&menu&&moreButton&&!menu.contains(target)&&!moreButton.contains(target)){closeMenu();}});dialog.addEventListener(‘cancel’,event=>event.preventDefault());dialog.addEventListener(‘keydown’,event=>{if(event.key===’Escape’){event.preventDefault();if(menu&&!menu.hidden){closeMenu();moreButton?.focus();}return;}if(event.key!==’Tab’)return;const focusable=Array.from(dialog.querySelectorAll(‘a[href], button:not(:disabled), textarea:not(:disabled)’)).filter(element=>!element.closest(‘[hidden]’));const first=focusable[0];const last=focusable[focusable.length-1];if(event.shiftKey&&document.activeElement===first){event.preventDefault();last.focus();}else if(!event.shiftKey&&document.activeElement===last){event.preventDefault();first.focus();}});dialog.addEventListener(‘close’,()=>{trigger.setAttribute(‘aria-expanded’,’false’);trigger.setAttribute(‘aria-label’,’Abrir chat con Merlín IA’);closeMenu();trigger.focus();});});};if(document.readyState===’loading’){document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,initializeWidgets,{once:true});return;}initializeWidgets();})();
(()=>{const tooltip=document.querySelector(«[data-merlin-widget-tooltip]»);const widget=document.querySelector(«[data-merlin-widget]»);const trigger=widget?.querySelector(«[data-merlin-widget-trigger]»);const closeButton=tooltip?.querySelector(«[data-merlin-widget-tooltip-close]»);if(!tooltip||!trigger||!closeButton||tooltip.dataset.initialized)return;const start=Number(tooltip.dataset.start);const end=Number(tooltip.dataset.end);const stateKey=window.location.pathname+»|story»;const existingState=window.__MERLIN_TOOLTIP_STATE__;const state=existingState?.key===stateKey?existingState:{key:stateKey,presented:false,dismissed:false};if(existingState?.tooltip&&existingState.tooltip!==tooltip){existingState.tooltip.dispatchEvent(new Event(«merlin-tip-destroy»))}state.tooltip=tooltip;window.__MERLIN_TOOLTIP_STATE__=state;tooltip.dataset.initialized=»true»;const globalDismissKey=»ec-merlin-tutorial-dismissed»;let userDismissKey=»»;let destroyed=false;let dismissed=state.dismissed||tooltip.dataset.dismissed===»true»;let presented=state.presented||tooltip.dataset.presented===»true»;let activeTrigger=null;let presentationTimer=null;let frame=0;let scheduleTimer=null;const mediaQuery=window.matchMedia(«(min-width: 1024px)»);const listeners=[];const clamp=(value,min,max)=>Math.max(min,Math.min(value,max));const listen=(target,eventName,handler,options)=>{target.addEventListener(eventName,handler,options);listeners.push(()=>target.removeEventListener(eventName,handler,options))};const hasCookie=key=>{try{return document.cookie.split(«;»).some(cookie=>cookie.trim()===key+»=1″)}catch(_error){return false}};const hasStorageValue=key=>{try{return window.localStorage.getItem(key)===»1″}catch(_error){return false}};const isDismissed=()=>hasStorageValue(globalDismissKey)||hasCookie(globalDismissKey)||Boolean(userDismissKey&&(hasStorageValue(userDismissKey)||hasCookie(userDismissKey)));const persistDismissal=()=>{const keys=userDismissKey?[globalDismissKey,userDismissKey]:[globalDismissKey];keys.forEach(key=>{try{window.localStorage.setItem(key,»1″)}catch(_error){}try{document.cookie=key+»=1; Path=/; SameSite=Lax; Max-Age=31536000″}catch(_error){}})};const hideTooltip=()=>{tooltip.hidden=true;tooltip.classList.remove(«merlin-widget__tooltip–visible»,»merlin-widget__tooltip–above»);if(activeTrigger)activeTrigger.removeAttribute(«aria-describedby»);window.clearTimeout(presentationTimer);presentationTimer=null};const isCampaignActive=()=>!destroyed&&!dismissed&&Number.isFinite(start)&&Number.isFinite(end)&&Date.now()>=start&&Date.now()